Āhāra, Cattari Āhāro
The Four Foods, Shi wu, jídlo, nahrung, cibo, alimento
References:
The First Lesson
The Four Foods
[DN 33]
PTS, T.W and C.A.F. Rhys Davids, trans., Dialogs of the Buddha III #33 pp 219
WP, Walshe, trans, The Long Discourses of the Buddha, #33, pp491
Digha Nikaya #33: The Compilation, MO, trans. 1s#1
[SN 2.12.11]
PTS: The Book of the Kindred Sayings, II: XII: The Kindred Sayings on Cause, 2: Sustenance-Suttas, Mrs. Rhys Davids, trans, pp8:
ATI: SN 2.12.11: Nutriment
ATI: Samanera Pañha — The Novice's Questions, Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans
[AN 10.]
PTS: The Book of the Gradual Sayings, V: The Book of the Tens, The Great Chapter, The Great Questions, Woodward, trans., pp36ff
[SN 2.12.11]
WP: The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: 2.12.11: Nutriment;
| Pāḷi | MO | Hare | Horner | Punnaji | Bodhi | Nanamoli | Rhys Davids | (Mrs)Rhys Davids | Thanissaro | Walshe | Woodward |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cattari Āhāro | The Four Foods | Food | food | The four nutriments | Four supports, or foods | Four supports, or foods | Four Nutriments | The Four Nutriments | Four Sustenances, Helps, Nutriment, Support, Food | ||
| kaba'inkāra Āhāro | material food | edible food | solid, bodily | material food | physical food | Ordinary Food, real food, material food | solid food | ||||
| phassa | Touch, contact | contact | sensory impingement | sense experience | contact | contact | contact | contact | contact | contact | contact |
| manosañcetanāhāro | intent | mental volition | motive or purpose | volition | intellectual intention | Mental volition | intention | ||||
| viññāṇa | Double-knowing-knowning, consciousness | consciousness | consciousness | cognition | consciousness | cognition | consciousness | consciousness | consciousness | consciousness | consciousness |
Pāḷi Text Society
Pāḷi English Dictionary
Edited by T. W. Rhys Davids and William Stede
[EDITED ENTRY]
Āhāra: [fr. ā + hr, lit. taking up or on to oneself] feeding, support, food, nutriment (lit and fig.). The term is used comprehensively and the usual enumn. comprises four kinds of nutriment, viz. (1) kaba'inkāra āhāro (bodily nutriment, either o'āriko gross, solid, or sukhumo fine), (2) phassāhāro n. of contact, (3) manosañcetanā- n. of volition, (4) viññāṇ- of consciousness. Thus at M I.261; D III.228, 276; Dhs 71-73; Vism 341. Another definition of Dhammapāla's refers it to the fourfold tasting as asita (eaten), pīta (drunk), khāyita (chewed), sāyita (tasted) food. A synonym with mūla, hetu, etc. for cause. - Vin I.84; D I.166; S I.172; II.11, 13, 98 sq. (the 4 kinds, in detail).
"There are these four sustenances, brethren, for the maintenance of beings that have come to birth or for the forwarding of them that seek to become. Which are the four? Material food, coarse or fine, secondly, contact, thirdly, volition, fourthly, consciousness. . . .
And of these four, brethren, what is the base, whence is the uprising? How are they produced? What causes them?
Craving is their base, from craving is their uprising, craving produces them, causes them to be."--PTS: KS II, p8:
§
"What is one? All animals subsist on food."-- The Novice's Questions, Thanissaro Bhikkhu trans
§
"There are these four nutriments for the establishing of beings who have taken birth or for the support of those in search of a place to be born. Which four? Physical food, gross or refined; contact as the second, intellectual intention the third, and consciousness the fourth.
"Where there is no passion for the nutriment of physical food, where there is no delight, no craving, then consciousness does not land there or grow. Where consciousness does not land or grow, name-&-form does not alight. Where name-&-form does not alight, there is no growth of fabrications. Where there is no growth of fabrications, there is no production of renewed becoming in the future. Where there is no production of renewed becoming in the future, there is no future birth, aging, & death. That, I tell you, has no sorrow, affliction, or despair.
"Where there is no passion for the nutriment of contact...
"Where there is no passion for the nutriment of intellectual intention...
"Where there is no passion for the nutriment of consciousness, where there is no delight, no craving, then consciousness does not land there or grow. Where consciousness does not land or grow, name-&-form does not alight. Where name-&-form does not alight, there is no growth of fabrications. Where there is no growth of fabrications, there is no production of renewed becoming in the future. Where there is no production of renewed becoming in the future, there is no future birth, aging, & death. That, I tell you, has no sorrow, affliction, or despair."-- Thanissaro Bhikkhu, SN XII.64.
