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Personalities of the Buddhist Suttas

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Kuvera or Vessavana
[See just below. Well, I heard the description as above. mo. No offense to the good Vessavana!]

Kuvera aka: Vessavana

He is one of the Cātummahārājāno (The Four Kings of the Four Directions). King of Uttarakuru (the North). His royal residence is Āḷakamandā and his citadel Visāṇa. His messengers are Tatolā, Tattolā, Tatotalā, Ojasi, Tejasi, Tatojasi, Sūra, Rāja, Ariṭṭha and Nemi. His lotus-lake is called Dharaṇī. His sons are all called Inda. He rules over the northern clime and is lord of the Yakkhas, with a splendid retinue. He is a follower of the Buddha.

Fig. 39 Vessavana Kuvera, King Of The Yakshas, And Regent Of The North.
Fig. 39 Vessavaṇa Kuvera, King Of The Yakshas, And Regent Of The North. [From the Bharahat Tope. Pl. xxii.] From Rhys Davids, Buddhist India.]

[The current Kuvera] was once a brahmin called Kuvera and owned a sugar-cane farm, where he worked seven mills. The produce of one mill he gave in charity, and when his profits increased he gave alms for twenty thousand years. After death he was born as one of the Cātummakārājika-devas. [the four gods of the four directions]

In literature the name Kuvera signifies the god of wealth, and his city, Āḷakamandā is said to embody all prosperity.

He is also known as Vessavaṇa from the name of his kingdom. He appears in the Āṭānātiya Sutta of the Digha Nikaya where he delivers the Āṭānātiya rune for the protection of bhikkhus. He is a sotāpanna and has a lifespan of 90,000 years.[1].

As well as being a god of wealth he also 'appears to have been worshipped by those desiring children.'

Vessavaṇa is not the name of aparticular being but of the holder of an office. When one Vessavaṇa dies Sakka chooses another as his successor.

 


Information mostly extracted from DPPN

See also Hare's AN 7.50, where footnotes #5, 6, 7, and 8 deal with him and where referencing the commentaries it is stated he is a streamwinner, is symbolized by the Lion, is the God of Wealth, and was, at the time of Gotama 9,000,000 years old.

 


[1] See note above. According to AN 8.42 (see Hare: AN 8.42) The lifespan of the Cātummahārājāno, of which he is one, is calculated as follows: each fifty years of mankind is a single night and day; their month has thirty of those nights, their year twelve months the lifespan of those devas consists of five hundred celestial years, each equal to that year. That would be: 50X30X12X500 = 9,000,000 human years. And that is the calculation for the retinue of these gods, the Four Kings themselves are likely to have longer lifespans. If the note cited above is correct though, he appears to be near the end of his lifespan and could be reborn hear at any time give or take a few thousand years.