Aṅguttara Nikāya
Pañcaka Nipāta
III: Pañc'aṅgika Vagga
Sutta 23
Upakkilesa Suttaṃ
Defilements
Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu.
Sourced from the edition at dhammatalks.org
For free distribution only.
[1][pts][bodh] "Monks, there are these five defilements of gold, defiled with which gold is neither pliant nor malleable nor luminous, but brittle and not rightly fit for work.
Which five?
"Iron, copper, tin, lead, and silver: These are the five defilements of gold, corrupted with which gold is neither pliant nor malleable nor luminous, but brittle and not rightly fit for work.
But when gold is freed from these five defilements, it is pliant, malleable, and luminous.
It is not brittle and is rightly fit for work.
Then whatever sort of ornament one has in mind — whether a belt, an earring, a necklace, or a gold chain — it would serve one's purpose.
"In the same way, monks, there are these five defilements of the mind, defiled with which the mind is neither pliant nor malleable nor luminous, but brittle and not rightly concentrated for the ending of the effluents.
Which five?
"Sensual desire, ill will, sloth and drowsiness, restlessness and anxiety, and uncertainty: These are the five defilements of the mind, defiled with which the mind is neither pliant nor malleable nor luminous, but brittle and not rightly concentrated for the ending of the effluents.
But when the mind is freed from these five defilements, it is pliant, malleable, and luminous.
It is not brittle and is rightly concentrated for the ending of the effluents.
Then whichever of the qualities to be known and realized that one turns one's mind to know and realize, one can witness them right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, one wields manifold supranormal powers.
Having been one, one becomes many; having been many, one becomes one.
One appears.
One vanishes.
One goes unimpeded through walls, ramparts, and mountains as if through space.
One dives in and out of the earth as if it were water.
One walks on water without sinking as if it were dry land.
Sitting cross-legged, one flies through the air like a winged bird.
With one's hand, one touches and strokes even the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful.
One exercises influence with one's body even as far as the Brahmā worlds.
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, one hears — by means of the divine ear-element, purified and surpassing the human — both kinds of sounds: divine and human, whether near or far.
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, one discerns the awareness of other beings, other individuals, having encompassed it with one's own awareness.
One discerns a mind with passion as 'a mind with passion,' and a mind without passion as 'a mind without passion.'
One discerns a mind with aversion as 'a mind with aversion,' and a mind without aversion as 'a mind without aversion.'
One discerns a mind with delusion as 'a mind with delusion,' and a mind without delusion as 'a mind without delusion.'
One discerns a restricted mind as 'a restricted mind,' and a scattered mind as 'a scattered mind.'
One discerns an enlarged mind[1] as 'an enlarged mind,' and an unenlarged mind as 'an unenlarged mind.'
One discerns a surpassed mind [one that is not at the most excellent level] as 'a surpassed mind,' and an unsurpassed mind as 'an unsurpassed mind.'
One discerns a concentrated mind as 'a concentrated mind,' and an unconcentrated mind as 'an unconcentrated mind.'
One discerns a released mind as 'a released mind,' and an unreleased mind as 'an unreleased mind.'
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, one recollects one's manifold past lives [literally: previous homes], i.e., one birth, two births, three births, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, one hundred, one thousand, one hundred thousand, many eons of cosmic contraction, many eons of cosmic expansion, many eons of cosmic contraction and expansion, (recollecting,) 'There I had such a name, belonged to such a clan, had such an appearance. Such was my food, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such the end of my life.
Passing away from that state, I re-arose there.
There, too, I had such a name, belonged to such a clan, had such an appearance. Such was my food, such my experience of pleasure and pain, such the end of my life.
Passing away from that state, I re-arose here.'
Thus one remembers one's manifold past lives in their modes and details.
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, one sees — by means of the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human — beings passing away and re-appearing, and one discerns how they are inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate in accordance with their kamma:
'These beings — who were endowed with bad conduct of body, speech, and mind, who reviled the noble ones, held wrong views, and undertook actions under the influence of wrong views — with the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in a plane of deprivation, a bad destination, a lower realm, hell.
But these beings — who were endowed with good conduct of body, speech, and mind, who did not revile the noble ones, who held right views, and undertook actions under the influence of right views — with the break-up of the body, after death, have re-appeared in a good destination, a heavenly world.'
Thus — by means of the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human — one sees beings passing away and re-appearing, and one discerns how they are inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate in accordance with their kamma.
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening.
"If one wants, then through the ending of effluents, one enters and remains in the effluent-free awareness-release and discernment-release, having directly known and realized them for oneself right in the here and now.
One can witness this right there whenever there is an opening."
[1] Mahaggataṁ. This term is used, together with "immeasurable / unlimited," in the standard description of the awareness generated in the practice of the brahmavihāras (SN 42:8). According to Ven. Anuruddha in MN 127, however, an enlarged mind is not immeasurable. Its range of awareness is larger than the body but still measurable, ranging in distance from the shade of a tree to the earth bounded by the ocean.
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